Clinical Trial: Denosumab in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Study Status: Completed
Recruit Status: Completed
Study Type: Interventional

Official Title: Denosumab in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Brief Summary:

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a disease characterized by excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) and high blood calcium, is one of the most common endocrine disorders. PHPT is seen most often in postmenopausal women. Many patients with PHPT have low bone mineral density (BMD) when bone mass is measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), primarily at the forearm. There is currently no effective medical therapy which increases bone density at the forearm in patients with PHPT.

PTH both builds and breaks down bone, and the pathways by which PTH mediates these actions are beginning to be identified. Prior research suggests that RANKL, a molecule important in bone metabolism, responds to PTH, and that if the RANKL is inactivated, PTH is shifted towards building bone. The investigators will study the effect of Denosumab, a therapeutic agent that binds to and inactivates RANKL, in 28 postmenopausal women with PHPT. Our hypothesis is that Denosumab will increase bone mineral density in primary hyperparathyroidism.

The study will last two years, and subjects will be randomly assigned to receive either placebo or Denosumab for the first year of the study. In the second year, all subjects will receive Denosumab. Denosumab (60 mg) or placebo will be given every 6 months by an injection just under the skin. Study procedures performed will include bone mineral density tests by DXA, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans, and assessments of biochemical markers of calcium metabolism and bone turnover using both blood and urine samples of subjects with PHPT.


Detailed Summary:

PTH has both catabolic and anabolic properties, and under normal circumstances, PTH in PHPT is catabolic for bone at the cortical skeleton. Recently, evidence for a direct role of PTH on RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis in vivo was obtained using mice lacking a distant transcriptional enhancer of the RANKL gene that confers responsiveness to PTH. These observations, supported by additional cross-sectional studies in human subjects make a compelling argument that the catabolic actions of PTH are mediated by RANKL-mediated bone resorption.

The investigators now propose a proof of concept study to test the hypothesis that in PHPT, inhibition of the RANK-L pathway will unmask the anabolic potential of PTH. A therapeutic agent that redirects the actions of PTH in PHPT from one that is primarily catabolic to an anabolic one would fulfill this proof of concept. The investigators hypothesize that Denosumab, a human IgG antibody that binds to and inactivates RANKL, will convert skeletal actions of PTH from catabolic to anabolic in primary hyperparathyroidism.


Sponsor: John P. Bilezikian

Current Primary Outcome: Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the lumbar spine [ Time Frame: Baseline and 12 months ]

Percent change from baseline in BMD at the lumbar spine, as measured by Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at 12 months


Original Primary Outcome: Same as current

Current Secondary Outcome:

  • Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the distal 1/3 radius [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
    Percent change from baseline in BMD at the distal 1/3 radius, as measured by Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at 12 months
  • Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the hip [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
    Percent change from baseline in BMD at the hip, as measured by Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at 12 months


Original Secondary Outcome: Same as current

Information By: Columbia University

Dates:
Date Received: March 16, 2012
Date Started: January 2012
Date Completion:
Last Updated: April 7, 2015
Last Verified: April 2015