Clinical Trial: Impact of Bracket Design and Oral Hygiene Maintenance on Halitosis in the Orthodontic Patient
Study Status: Completed
Recruit Status: Completed
Study Type: Interventional
Official Title: Impact of Bracket Design and Oral Hygiene Maintenance on Halitosis in the Orthodontic Patient
Brief Summary: The advantage of self-ligating brackets on periodontal health has yet to be determined. In addition, the utilization of tongue scraping as an adjunct to traditional oral hygiene measures has yet to be studied in orthodontic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of bracket type on plaque accumulation and also the impact of the appliance on oral malodor. In addition, the effect of tongue scraping on halitosis will be studied in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. We hypothesize that self-ligating brackets will harbor less plaque than normal brackets, that tongue scraping will significantly decrease halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and that patients with self-ligating brackets will exhibit less halitosis as measured by halimeter.
Detailed Summary:
Background
Halitosis refers to the condition of malodor of the oral cavity (2009). Halitosis is estimated to affect 50% of the population with varying degrees of intensity and etiology (Meskin 1996). In 80% of all cases halitosis is secondary to underlying oral conditions (Miyazaki, Sakao et al. 1995).The etiology of halitosis is often caused by food debris and biofilm buildup on the teeth and tongue, deep periodontal pockets, severe carious lesions and poor dental restorations (Yaegaki and Sanada 1992; Morita and Wang 2001; Morita and Wang 2001). The odor emanating from the oral cavity is produced by microbial putrefaction of residual oral debris, resulting in production of malodorous Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSCs) (Porter and Scully 2006). Previous studies have shown that the amount of VSCs in breath increases with the number, depth, and bleeding tendency of the periodontal pockets (Quirynen, Zhao et al. 2002). Therefore plaque control, which directly impacts periodontal health, is an important factor in the control of halitosis.
Halitosis can be diagnosed by 3 primary methods (Yaegaki and Coil 2000; van den Broek, Feenstra et al. 2007)
- Organoleptic method: The primary reference standard for the detection of oral malodor is the human nose and this method involves direct sniffing of the expired air by a trained judge. This assessment can also be done by scraping the posterior dorsum of the tongue with a spoon and smelling the contents.
- Gas chromatography: This is the method of choice for researchers. It allows for the identification and quantification of individual components within the air sample. The measurement of VSC can be obtained and differentiated with using samples from saliva, tongue coating and
Sponsor: UConn Health
Current Primary Outcome: Halitosis [ Time Frame: 4-5 weeks ]
Once brackets are placed (T0), a NiTi orthodontic wire will be placed and ligated into the brackets. Baseline halitosis measurements will be taken at T0. At 7-10 days (T1) and 4 to 5 weeks (T2) of full appliance placement the same measurements will be taken by the same investigator.
Original Primary Outcome: Same as current
Current Secondary Outcome: Oral Hygiene [ Time Frame: A total of 4-5 weeks ]
Similar to halitosis measurements, three indices of oral hygiene (gingival index, plaque index and bleeding index) will be observed at T0, T1 and T2.
Original Secondary Outcome: Same as current
Information By: UConn Health
Dates:
Date Received: September 18, 2013
Date Started: October 2012
Date Completion:
Last Updated: November 30, 2016
Last Verified: November 2016
