Clinical Trial: Breast Milk Zinc Transfer to Appropriate- and Small-for-gestational-age Bangladeshi Infants

Study Status: Completed
Recruit Status: Completed
Study Type: Observational

Official Title: Longitudinal Studies of Breast Milk Zinc Transfer to Appropriate- and Small-for-gestational-age, Predominantly Breast Fed, Bangladeshi Infants

Brief Summary: Data collected from this study will provide information on the breast milk zinc concentration, maternal and infant zinc status, and transfer of zinc from mothers breast milk to infants during first six months of life.

Detailed Summary:

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has reviewed published literature to collect information for its Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on Zinc Nutrition During Early Life , and observed that there is limited information on: 1) the concentration of zinc in breast milk of mothers in lower income countries at different times post-partum; 2) the total amount of zinc transferred from mothers to infants at different ages in these settings, and 3) zinc transfer from mother to infant born with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Therefore, IAEA has planned to assist local scientists to collect such information from selected countries. The International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) has identified Bangladesh as a country with high risk of zinc deficiency (IZiNCG, 2004), where the rate of SGA infants is >30% - one of the highest in the world (de Onis, 1998). Thus, Bangladesh is an appropriate candidate country to participate in this CRP.

This study will enroll 50 healthy, full-term, newborn infants (>37 weeks gestational age by ultrasound) and their mothers if they plan to breast-feed exclusively for at least 4 months and also to continue breast feeding for at least 12 months. The infants will be examined, weighed and measured within 48 hours of birth, half of whom will be AGA (BW>2800g) and the other half SGA (BW<2500g). Infants with any acute or chronic illnesses, or congenital anomalies will not be eligible. Any mother with toxaemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, multiple pregnancies, previously diagnosed as positive for HIV/hepatitis B infections, or habituated to smoking or alcohol consumption will also be excluded. The participants will be recruited from Nandipara, Dhaka, an urban community where the ICDDRB has ongoing clinical study facilities.

Each
Sponsor: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

Current Primary Outcome: Amount of zinc transferred through breast milk [ Time Frame: at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after delivery of the infants ]

During each round of study, a milk sample was collected during the visit to icddr,b on study day 1 and 5. On each occasion, the breast was cleansed with soap and water and rinsed with copious amounts of deionized water. The milk sample was then collected ~2-3 minutes after the feeding was initiated by momentarily removing the infant from the breast, so the study assistant could manually express 5-10 mL milk into a zinc-free beaker. The milk sample was then transferred to a plastic screw cap vial and transported to the laboratory, as described above for the saliva samples. The milk zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS, AA6501S, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The total zinc transfer from mother to infant was calculated as the product of the mean daily milk volume, as determined from the deuterium tracer studies, and the mean milk zinc concentration on the corresponding milk collection days.


Original Primary Outcome: Same as current

Current Secondary Outcome: Plasma zinc content of both the mother and the infant [ Time Frame: at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after the delivery of the infants ]

On the first morning of each round, 2 mL of venous blood was drawn from both the mother and infant for plasma zinc analyses, using stainless steel needles and certified trace element-free, evacuated collection tubes (Sarstedt LiH monovette, Sarstedt, Newton, NC, USA). The infant samples were drawn 90 minutes after the first morning feeding, but the mothers' samples were not timed in relation to meals. The plasma was separated within 60 minutes and stored at -20o C until analysis. The plasma samples were diluted (1:12) with distilled, deionized water, vortexed, and analyzed using the same AAS described above. The plasma samples were also compared with commercially available standard zinc nitrate solution (BDH, England), bi-level control serum (Cat # 66816; UTAK Laboratories Inc, Valencia, CA), and pooled serum to determine the accuracy and precision of the analyses.


Original Secondary Outcome: Same as current

Information By: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

Dates:
Date Received: November 4, 2012
Date Started: July 2006
Date Completion:
Last Updated: November 19, 2012
Last Verified: November 2012