Clinical Trial: Application of Photodynamic Therapy and Diode Laser for Endodontic Therapy of Young Permanent Teeth

Study Status: Recruiting
Recruit Status: Recruiting
Study Type: Interventional

Official Title: Application Success of Photodynamic Therapy and Diode Laser During Endodontic Therapy of Young Permanent Teeth

Brief Summary: The pulp necrosis of permanent immature teeth implies the interruption of the root formation and apical closure. Diode lasers have been used in many areas of dentistry, with tendency of good results in canal and dentine disinfection. The bactericidal effect of high-power lasers is based on dose dependent heat generation. Its antimicrobial effectiveness against diverse microorganisms has already been demonstrated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-step therapeutic approach starting with the application of a photosensitizing agent and followed by irradiation with light energy that is spectrally matched to activate the drug. The balance between disinfection and the creation of an intracanal microenvironment conducive for the proliferation of stem cells requires further investigation. Aims of study are to compare the time required to obtain the clinical healing and the disappearance of clinical symptoms, and absence of periapical radiolucency, by using PDT and diode laser, with standard disinfection alone; to assess specificity of microbial load in permanent immature teeth, and root canal disinfection ability of PDT and diode laser, in compare with standard disinfection alone.

Detailed Summary:

Background and Significance The pulp necrosis of permanent immature teeth implies the interruption of the root formation and apical closure. It is then necessary to implement a therapy to induce a calcified barrier at the apical end of the root. The endodontic management of permanent immature teeth is fraught with challenges. Although treatment modalities for vital pulp therapy in these teeth provide long-term favorable outcome, the outcomes from the treatment of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis are significantly less predictable. Key role of microorganisms in the causing and development of pulpal and periapical diseases have been demonstrated, and their presence in the canal at the time of definitive filling has negative effect on success of the therapy. However, the specificity of microbial load of immature permanent teeth is not completely investigated, nor the influence of the disinfection protocols on treatment success.

Available procedures rely heavily on root canal chemical disinfection of the root canal system, with minimal mechanical instrumentation. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in different concentrations is the most accepted solution for disinfection of root canal in endodontic. Despite common usage, impossibility of NaOCl to completely disinfect root canal has been noticed. Traditionally, irrigants and medicaments have been chosen for their maximum antimicrobial effect without consideration for their effects on stem cells and the dentinal microenvironment. The balance between disinfection and the creation of an intracanal microenvironment conducive for the proliferation of stem cells requires further investigation. This requires the interpretation of preclinical studies, and this level of evidence should be increased by randomized controlled clinical studies.

Diode lasers have been used in many areas of de
Sponsor: Association of Paediatric and Preventive Dentists of Serbia

Current Primary Outcome: Number of teeth without viable bacteria load in root canal after Photodynamic therapy and Diode laser in endodontic therapy [ Time Frame: 6 months ]

Number of teeth without viable bacteria load after treatment in all experimental groups, will be determined. Microbiological samples from the root canals will be collected immediately after the accessing the canal, following endodontic treatment, and after the laser procedure in adequate groups (Photodynamic therapy or Diode laser). Samples from the root canals will be cultivated in conditions suitable for growth of anaerobes and facultative anaerobes.


Original Primary Outcome: Same as current

Current Secondary Outcome: Number of teeth with periapical healing 6 months after treatment, assessed by periapical index (PAI) [ Time Frame: 6 months ]

Number of teeth with periapical healing 6 months after treatment, will be determined by PAI score index, in all experimental groups. Teeth will be categorized in five groups depending of PAI score: (1) normal periapical structure; (2) small changes in bone structure; (3) changes in bone structure with some mineral loss; (4) periodontitis with well-defined radiolucent area; and (5) severe periodontitis with exacerbating features.


Original Secondary Outcome: Same as current

Information By: Association of Paediatric and Preventive Dentists of Serbia

Dates:
Date Received: February 11, 2017
Date Started: February 10, 2017
Date Completion: December 15, 2017
Last Updated: April 20, 2017
Last Verified: April 2017