Clinical Trial: Effects of Probiotics on Oral Health
Study Status: Completed
Recruit Status: Completed
Study Type: Interventional
Official Title: Effect of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus LGG and Bifidobacterium Lactis BB-12 on Gingival Health and Dental Plaque in Healthy Adolescents: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: Some probiotics have been shown to have preventive effects on infectious diseases and allergies. Because their long-term enhancement of the immune responses of children, they have been recommended for infants in some countries. The most promising ones seem to be the combination of Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Probiotic microbes are mainly ingested orally and the gastrointestinal tract is thus the primary target organ for them. However, the mouth is the first part of the gastrointestinal tract. Most probiotics are in theory cariogenic, thus their effects on oral health should be known. Several probiotics decrease levels of salivary mutans streptococci (MS), but in other respects very little is known about their effects on the oral microbiota. Also effects of probiotics on dental plaque should be studied. This study aims to find out the effects of the combination of BB-12 and LGG, delivered with a lozenge (4 weeks, twice a day) with a mixture of them on the amount of plaque and gingival health
Detailed Summary:
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO) have defined probiotics as "live micro-organisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host" (WHO 2002). They should preferably be of human origin, be able to temporarily colonize the gastrointestinal tract and survive in it. They must also be non-pathogenic and non-toxic.
Probiotics are used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and allergies (Hatakka and Saxelin, 2008; Salminen et al., 2010). In some countries probiotics are recommended for infants and adults because of their long-term enhancement of the immune responses. Combinations of probiotics, like Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 (BB-12) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), appear to be most effective in this respect (Isolauri et al., 2000; Rautava et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2012). Probiotics are mainly ingested orally, and the gastrointestinal tract is thus the primary target organ for probiotic micro-organisms. However, when ingested in the form of for example tablets, chewing gums, cheese and milk, the oral cavity is exposed to the probiotics. With the world-wide increase in the use of probiotics their effects of on oral health have become a hot topic.
Many types of probiotic bacteria have been explored but the most widely studied species are those that belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Yogurt and fermented milk products are considered the simplest source of probiotic administration for humans. The proven effects of probiotics in general health has led to more research in the oral health field including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. Some clinical studies have demonstrated a decrease in the cariogenic mutans streptococci counts and in dental plaque (N
Sponsor: Kuwait University
Current Primary Outcome:
- Gingival Health [ Time Frame: Four weeks ]
The gingival Index of Loe and Silness (1963) was used to record all surfaces (buccal, lingual, mesial, distal) for index teeth (16, 12, 24, 36, 32, 44). Gingival pockets were gently touched with a periodontal probe and possible bleeding was registered.
The criteria are:
0 = no inflammation
- = mild inflammation, slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing
- = moderate inflammation, moderate glazing, redness, bleeding on probing
- = severe inflammation, marked redness and hypertrophy, ulceration, tendency to spontaneous bleeding
The GI of the tooth was determined by adding the scores of the four surfaces and divided the total by four.
The GI of the individual was obtained by adding the values of each tooth and dividing by the number of teeth examined
A score from 0.1-1.0 = mild inflammation; 1.1-2.0 = moderate inflammation, and 2.1-3.0 = severe inflammation
- Plaque Index [ Time Frame: four weeks ]
A modified Quickley-Hein plaque index (PI) was used to record the buccal and lingual surfaces of all teeth (from right second molar to left second molar) 0 = no plaque
- = separate flecks of plaque at the cervi
Original Primary Outcome:
- Plaque Index [ Time Frame: four weeks ]a modified Quickley-Hein plaque index (PI) was used
- Gingival Health [ Time Frame: Four weeks ]Gingival health was determined by the gingival Index of Loe and Silness,1963. Gingival pockets are gently touched with a periodontal probe and possible bleeding is registered.
Current Secondary Outcome:
Original Secondary Outcome: Changes in the salivary and the plaque microbiota [ Time Frame: four weeks ]
- 4 ml paraffin-stimulated saliva was collected pre- and post intervention and was analyzed for changes in five periodontal bacteria counts using Real-time PCR.
- Dental plaque was collected with a periodontal probe in TE buffer tube. And plaque analyzed for changes in five periodontal bacteria counts using Real-time PCR
Information By: Kuwait University
Dates:
Date Received: May 12, 2015
Date Started: December 2014
Date Completion:
Last Updated: February 16, 2016
Last Verified: February 2016
- Plaque Index [ Time Frame: four weeks ]
- = separate flecks of plaque at the cervi
